Proofreading is the final quality-control review before publication or submission. It is the last step in the editing process and is intended for manuscripts that have already been revised, edited, and copy edited.

During a proofread, I review your manuscript for remaining surface-level errors and formatting issues (if your manuscript has already been typeset) that may have been introduced during the previous stage of editing or formatting. I adhere to The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th Edition, and the rules of Standard American English.

Proofreading is not a substitute for developmental editing, line editing, or copy editing. It does not address plot, structure, pacing, characterization, voice, sentence-level style, or substantial grammar and usage concerns. The focus is on catching the small mistakes that can distract readers and diminish a professional presentation.

A proofread may address

• • • typographical errors;
    • misspellings;
    • missing or repeated words;
    • punctuation errors;
    • incorrect spacing;
    • formatting inconsistencies;
    • page numbering issues;
    • minor grammar errors that were previously overlooked;
    • inconsistencies in headings, chapter titles, or front/back matter.

Proofreading is best for

• • • manuscripts that have already undergone professional editing;
    • books that have been formatted for print or ebook publication;
    • authors preparing to submit to agents, publishers, or printers;
    • final review before publication.